Abstract  Direct broadcast by satellite (DBS) to and within the Arab world is regulated in various ways at the national and international levels. Regulatory regimes affecting reception, programming and ownership differ from state to state, while Arab-owned satellite channels operating from outside the region are also subject to the licensing …

Abstract  Lebanon's Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International (LBCI) and Future TV satellite broadcasts are popular with Arab audiences. After unlicensed broadcasting proliferated during the 1974-1990 war, the Audio-Visual Law of 1994 regulated all broadcasting activities and sanctioned satellite broadcasting, which LBCI and Future began in 1996. The two stations appear to …