Scroll down for the Arabic abstract. The media contributes a vital role in raising public health awareness within society, especially in times of disease outbreaks and epidemics. This role grows according of the possibilities and tools the media and communication entities possess to help it perform this function, as a …

Scroll down for the Arabic abstract. This paper examines the content and impact of negative messages targeting the Egyptian state, its figures, and institutions. After laying out the relevant literature and history of the pertinent concepts such as fourth-generation warfare, media propaganda, rumors and framing, this analysis limits its data …